"When he takes the train, Marco always arrives at work on time."
Which of the following statements can be deduced from the preceding proposition?
A) Marco arrived late; therefore he did not take the train.
B) Marco did not take the train; therefore he arrived late.
C) Marco took his car; therefore he arrived on time.
D) Marco arrived on time; therefore he missed the train.
E) Marco arrived late; therefore he took the train.
IMAT 2024 · Question 9
Q9 - Critical thinking
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The correct answer is A) Marco arrived late; therefore he did not take the train.
"If he takes the train, he's on time" lets you conclude only one thing: if he was late, he didn't take the train. That's the contrapositive, and it always holds.
B gets it backwards: not taking the train doesn't mean being late, since he could drive and still be on time. D has the same problem the other way round: being on time doesn't tell you how he got there.
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